iAlive Learning Tool

Suicide is a major global health issue, claiming over 700,000 lives each year. Men are more likely to die by suicide, while women attempt it more often. Most suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries, often due to limited access to mental health care. Although global rates are declining, underreporting remains a concern. Understanding these patterns is key to effective prevention.

Understanding suicide means challenging harmful myths. People in distress often show subtle signs and are usually conflicted—wanting help but feeling overwhelmed. Talking openly about suicide does not cause it; in fact, it can bring relief. With awareness and timely support, many suicides can be prevented—but when prevention isn’t possible, it’s never the fault of those who tried to help.

Suicide prevention is a shared responsibility. Everyone—health workers, teachers, media, NGOs, and individuals—has a role in supporting mental health. People at higher risk need more focused care, but even simple compassion can make a difference. By working together and recognizing early warning signs, we help build a safety net that saves lives.

Suicide is complex, influenced by many factors—personal, social, and environmental. Risk increases with things like past attempts, mental illness, or isolation, while protective factors like strong relationships and coping skills can help. Different age and gender groups face different risks. Prevention involves reducing risks, building resilience, and recognizing warning signs in time.

Suicide is usually a gradual process, not a sudden act. It often begins with emotional distress and subtle changes in mood or behavior. Over time, suicidal thoughts may emerge, sometimes leading to a plan or attempt. The process varies by age—adolescents act more impulsively, while older adults plan more deliberately. Recognizing early warning signs and offering support can help interrupt this process and save lives.

The first step is preparation — choosing the right time and place, and mentally preparing for what the person might share.
You don’t need to be an expert. Your genuine concern, compassion, and presence matter most.
Think ahead about what you’ll say, be ready for emotional reactions, and know which professional resources are available if needed.
Having this conversation can be meaningful for both you and the person in distress — it’s a first step toward support and safety.

Once you're ready, the next step is to open the conversation. The goal isn't to solve problems, but to create a safe space where the person can talk—especially about suicidal thoughts.
Ask with curiosity, compassion, and without judgment. Use open-ended questions and don’t shy away from saying the word “suicide”—naming it shows you're truly listening.
Be patient, allow silence, and gently persist if needed. What matters most is that you ask.

After asking about suicide, keep the conversation open. Don’t try to fix things—just listen with care and without judgment. If they express suicidal thoughts, ask gently about how often, how strong, and if they have a plan.

Stay calm, show that you care, and don’t avoid hard topics. Explore both their reasons for wanting to die and reasons they might still want to live. Just talking can help them feel less alone and more hopeful.

Trust is key when supporting someone in crisis. Show compassion, understanding, and genuine care so they feel safe opening up. After talking, check if their feelings have shifted and if they feel any relief.

Only then discuss next steps—whether it’s a small plan for the day or starting recovery. Talk about safety, and consider a short “life promise” (e.g., not harming themselves for a set time) while staying in contact. This works best when a real bond of trust exists.

Encourage professional help and help the person identify trusted supporters. Offer to be present when they open up or attend appointments. If help isn’t immediate, ask for a commitment to seek support soon. Keep checking in—ongoing care can make a big difference.